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(No Model.) v asne'ethsheet 1.

J. BOURNE. I APPARATUS FOR OBTAININGMOTIVE POWER.

. PatentedDec. 16. 1890.

- .Iwmawin W iiw/mxwa' 1m: NORRiS PEYERS co, FHOTO-LIYHO., WASHINGTON,o. c.

No Model.) 3 Sheets-'Sheet 2.

J. BOUBNE. APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER.

No. 442,793. Patented Dec. 16. 1890.

(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet 3.

J. BOURNE. I APPARATUS FOR OBTAININGVMOTIV'E POWER. NO. 442,793.

Patented Dec. 16. 1890.

Invert???" JOHN BOURNE, OF SHEPHERDS BUSH, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING IVIOTIVE. POWER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 442,793, dated December16, 1890.

Application filed April 3, 1889. Serial No. 805,848. (No edal.) Patentedin England March 24, 1888,No. 4,531; in France March 13,1889, No.196,685 3 in Belgium March 15, 1889, No. 85,400; in Cape of Good HopeApril 12, 1889, No. 521: in Victoria April 2'7, 1889, No. 6,706; inItaly July 6,1889,L, 61; in Canada July 19,1889,No. 81,766; in IndiaAugust 24,1889, No.

1,855, and in Austria-Hungary October 8, 1889, No. 13,723.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN BOURNE, of 25 \VarbeckRoad, ShepherdsBu sh, inthe county of Middlesex, England, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Apparatus for Obtaining Force forActuatin g Motive-PowerEngines, (for which I have obtained patents in Great Britain, No. 4,531,dated March 24, 1888; in France, No. 196,685, dated March 13, 1889; inBelgium, No. 85,400, dated March 15, 1889; in Italy, No. 61, Vol. 50,dated July 6, 1889; in Austria-Hungary, No. 13,723, dated October 8,1889; in Canada, No. 31,7 66, dated July 19,1889; in the Cape of GoodHope, No. 521, dated April 12, 1889; in Victoria, No. 6,706, dated April27, 1889, and in India, No. 1,855, dated August 24, 1889,) of which thefollowing is a specification.

Thisinvention relates to apparatus for obtaining force for actuatingmotive-power engines from a mixture of steam and the gases of combustionof liquid hydrocarbons.

I will first proceed to describe my invention with reference to theaccompanying drawings, and afterward point out its novel features inclaims. Y

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a motive-powerengine of ordinaryconstruction having my invention applied. Fig. 2 represents, on alarger. scale than Fig. 1, a central vertical section of the generatingapparatus which constitutes my invention. Fig. 3 represents a plan view,and Fig. a a vertical section, on a still larger scale, of the liydrocarbonburner which constitutes my apparatus.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thefigures.

Ais the combustionchamber, consisting of a flanged vertical cylinder ofiron lined with fire-clay and closed at top by a flat cover. Within thisfiat chamber is a cylinder B, of fire-clay, extending from the bottom ofthe cylinder to the cover and pierced near the coverwith aring of holes.Within the annular space formed by the two cylinders is a double coil ofpipe 0, for receiving water to be heated to a high temperature of, say,500 Fahrenheit. The water enters the inner coil by a pipe 0, leadingfrom a force-pump, and

after circulating through the double coils it passes out of the chamberby a pipe C and enters a central pipe 0 pendent from the cover of thecombustion-chamber and open at bottom. Surrounding this pipe 0 is a pipe0 also pendent from the cover, but closed at bottom. This pipe 0communicates by a pipe C with an elbow-pipe G which connects the lowerpart of the combustion-chamber A with the valve-chest E of the engine.

To quicken the discharge of the gases of combustion from the furnace,the pipe 0 where it connects with the elbow-pipe C may be fitted with anozzle, as shown at Fig. 2, to create an exhaust at the elbow andincrease the impelling force of the current.

F is a burner situate within the cylinder B and immediately under thedependent pipe 0*. This bu rn er, to which is supplied the liquidfuelused for the generation of heat, consists of a circular box made fast tothe bottom of the combustion-chamber A, and having lower and uppercompartments a and b, separated by a horizontal partition or diaphragmc, in which are set numerous upright short tubes or nipples (Z. The topor cover of the said box is perforated, as shown at e, and the spacebelow the partition 0 communicates with a pipe f, leading to anair-pump, which supplies air to the burner for supporting combustion.The nipple-pan is packed with a layer of pumicestone or equivalentporous materialc reaching up to about the top of the nipples, which formpassages for the compressed air admitted to the air-space below. Leadingup through the bottom of the combustion-chamber is also a pipe f, incommunication with ahydrocarbon force-pump. This pipe serves to supplypetroleum orotherhydrocarbon oil to the porous bed covering thenipple-pan, and above this pan is fitted a metaliic cover pierced withholes, which correspond in position with the nipples on the pan below,and are of sufficient diameter to permit the passage through each ofthem of an annulus of vapor surrounding a central jet of air. Thus itwill be understood that when air is admitted under pressure to theair-space it will pass up in jets through the nipples and through thepierced cover,

carrying with it the vapor of the oil with which the porous bed issaturated. f is an overflowpipe for returning the surplus oil to theoil-reservoir. G is a screw-plug or door closing an opening through thewall of the combustion chamber and continued through the wall of thecylinder B a little above the level of the pierced metal cover. By theremoval of this screwed plug or door G access is obtained to theinterior of the cylinder B for the purpose of lighting the burner F. Tofacilitate the commencement of operations, provision is made to admitair from the atmosphere to the air-space in the burner. This isindicated by the pipe 11. Similarly for turning the products ofcombustion into the atmosphere during the heating up of, the apparatus atwo-way1cock may be applied to the pipe C, as indicated at H, one outletof which delivers into a small chimney.

It will now be understood that when the furnace is lighted jets of flamewill be maintained on the top of the burner so long as the supply of oiland air is kept up. So soon as sufllcient heat is obtained in thecombustionchamber to insure the flashing of the superheated water intosteam, on its discharge from the coils, the pipe H and cook H are close,and the operation of the apparatus will proceed, the liquid fuel and theair for maintaining its combustion being supplied by the pumps or otherinjectors connected, respectively, by the pipes f f. Under thisarrangement it is clear that none of the heat generated by thecombustion of the fuel is lost. No part of it escapes by a chimney; butthe whole is utilized in the production of power, except that small partthat escapes by the exhaust-pipe of the engine. In this closedcombustion-chamber the consumption of the fuel is more perfect than itis in common furnaces, there being no smoke generated if no excess ofliquid fuel is supplied to the burner. Instead of delivering the fuel inaliquid state to the chamber, it may be heated therein, so as to bedischarged in the form of gas or vapor into any approved construction ofgas-burner.

It is well known that steam worked expansively in an engine willgenerate more power relatively to the amount of fuel consumed than ifworked with its full pressure throughout the stroke, and this economywill be greater the greater the range of the expanslon.

The most concentrated state in which steam can exist and at whichexpansion can begin isthe state of superheated water, and in anysteam-engine the maximum performance will be obtained if the motivefluid can be expandedin the cylinder from this condition of maximumdensity to that of the terminal density or pressure, generatingthroughout the whole range of the expansion. In existing engines,however, such a result is quite unattainable. In them only the lowerportions of the expansion range can be utilized in the production ofpower, While the higher portions are never called into activity and muchpotential energy is consequently wasted. By the present invention thisevil is to a great extent corrected, seeing that the energy pertainingto nearlythe whole expansion range is generated and is transferred tothe stream of fluid working the engine, reappearing in the form ofincreased engine-power. It is in the higher ranges of pressure that thebenefits of expansion are most conspicuous. Steam expanded into twiceits volume nearly doubles its power, whereas it requires to expand intonearly eight times its volume to treble its power, and the large volu meimplies large cylinders, a heavy engine, and other evils. On the wholeit appears to be expedient that there should be two expansions-thefirst, with the highest pressures, before the cylinder is reached, andthe second within the cylinder itself. By this arrangement the engine isnot subjected to the strain of the highest pressures, and a verymoderate amount of expansion within the cylinder suffices. The firstpart of the expansion may be effected by wire drawing the motive fluid,and the second by the application of lap to the slide-valve or othermechanical equivalent.

\Vater heated under pressure to 500 Fahrenheit possesses within itself avery large proportion of the heat necessary foritstransformation intovapor on the reduction of its pressure. According to this invention thewater immediately that its high pressure is reduced by its beingdelivered among the gaseous products of combustion, which are of a lowerpressure, flashes into vapor, and then seizing the surplus heat of thenaked products of combustion is com pletely transformed into steam,which is thus also superheated, and as this complete transformation iseffected not through the intervention of heatingsurfaces, but by thedirect contact of the con fluent fluids, aboiler is not required, butonly a heater having about one-tenth or onetwelfth of theheating-surface necessary for a boiler generating the same power. It iswell known that the efficacy of the heatingsurface of a boileris not thesame in all parts of it, but that in the hottest places itis about sixtimes greater than the average efficacyof the whole. Seeing, then, thatin this case the heater is subjected to the highest temperatures only,While the lower temperatures, which,in common boilers use up most of thesurface, do not here require any surface at all, the motive fluidsproceeding with their exist-ing temperatures direct to the engine. Thenas the heat imparted to the heater has only to behalf the total amountexpended, the other half being appropriated by the products ofcombustion, it follows that the surface of the heater, being five or sixtimes more effective than the average boiler-surface and having toimpart only half the total heat, need have only one-tenth or one-twelfthof the IOC heating area that is necessary in ordinary boilers generatingthe same power. Vith these explanations the rationale of the action ofthe engine under the new circumstances above set forth will bereadilycomprehended.

The system of working above described admits of many modifications; butall are dependent on the same general principle, which is that ofintroducing air and liquid fuel or its vapor into a combustion-chamber,where they are continuously burned, and the engine is worked by theproducts of their combustion mingled with water which is caused to flashinto steam sufficient in quantity to reduce the temperature to aconvenient working-point with any desired amount of superheating, whilethe volume or pressure, or both, are correspondingly augmented. In thestructure and conformation of the engine employed to develop the motiveforce there is nothing peculiar, and any kind of engine may be adopted,whether of the cylinder and piston type or any other by which elasticfluids under pressure are made to generate power. The force-pumpsemployed may be of the plunger or of the bucket type, or bucket andplunger combined, or they may be jetpumps for sucking or forcing bymeans of a jet of steam or other elastic fluid, or any other species ofpump may be employed.

The heating power of coal-gas and of petroleum or other variety ofliquid fuel being about the same, and small gas-engineshaving now comeinto extended use, it has been supposed by some persons that thegas-engine type of motor, which operates upon the principle of explodinga mixture of air and gas or hydrocarbon vapor within the cylinder,constitutes an eligible species of engine, even for large powers; but tothe use of such engines of any considerable size there are two weightyobjections. The first is that owing to the high speed at which modernengines have to run the piston frequently outruns the explosion, and thetime necessary to accomplish between the strokes the intimateintermixture of the air and gas or vapor not having been afforded, aportion of the gaseous fuel is never burned at all. The second objectionis that the products of the explosion are dismissed through theeduction-pipe at so high a tempe ature that a large part of the heat,amounting to nearly one-half of that generated, is necessarily wasted.In working according to the present invention both of these sources ofloss are removed, for as the motive force isobtained not by explosiombutby steady and continuous combustion, the time necessary for mixing theingredients and perfecting the combustion can be afforded without anydiminution in the speed of the engine, while the introduction of waterreconciles the existence of a high pressure withinthe engine with a verymoderate temperature of the exhaust, so that the loss accruin g fromthis source is almost wholly prevented. The apparatus by which thisimprovement is accomplished I call the cornposite engine, as it isworked partly by the products of combustion and partly by thesuperheated water converted into steam by said products.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatWhat I claim isl. The combination of the outer cylinder orcombustion-chamber A, the inner cylinder B, concentric with said outercylinder and having openings 1' in its upper part communicating with theannular space between the two said cylinders, the outlet-pipe C from thelower part of the outer cylinder A, a hydrocarbon-burner at the bottomof the inner cylinder B, the pipe 0 having a.closed bottom dependentwithin the said cylinder B over said burner, the pipe 0 having an openbottom within the pipe 0 the water-coil (J, arranged within theaforesaid annular space. and having its outlet in communication withsaid pipe 0 and the pipe 0 constituting an outlet from said pipe C andcommunicating with the outlet of the pipe 0 from the combustion-chamberA, all substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

2. In an apparatus for obtaining motive force for actuating motive-powerengines, the burner for liquid hydrocarbon, consisting of a box F,having upper and lower compartments separated by a partition ordiaphragm c, upright tubes or nipples set in the said diaphragm, theperforated cover 6, and the bed g, of porous material, on said diaphragmand between said tubes or nipples, the said burner being provided with apipe f for admitting air below the diaphragm c and with a pipe f forsupplying liquid hydrocarbon to the porous bed g above the diaphragm,substantially as herein described.

JOHN BOURNE.

Witnesses:

W. K. WHITE, A. W. SPACKMAN.

